Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that most commonly affects the lungs, though it can also involve other parts of the body such as the kidneys, spine, and brain. It spreads through tiny airborne droplets released when a person with active pulmonary TB coughs, sneezes, or speaks. Common symptoms include a persistent cough, chest pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue. While TB remains a major global health challenge, it is preventable and usually curable with a course of antibiotics taken over several months. Early diagnosis, proper treatment, and public health measures are essential for controlling its spread.
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